Sunday, May 24, 2020
Masculine and Feminine French Nouns How to Tell Them Apart
A noun is a word that represents a person, place, or thing, whether concrete (e.g., chair, dog) or abstract (idea, happiness). In French, all nouns have a genderâ€â€they are either masculine or feminine. The gender of some nouns makes sense (homme [man] is masculine, femme [woman] is feminine) but others dont: the words personne [person] and victime [victim] are always feminine, even when the person or victim is a man! It is very important to learn a nouns gender along with the noun itself because articles, adjectives, some pronouns, and some verbs have to agree with nouns; that is, they change depending on the gender of the noun they modify. The best way to learn the gender of French nouns is to make your vocabulary lists with the appropriate definite article or indefinite article. That is, rather than a list like this: livre - bookchaise - chair Make French vocabulary lists like this: un livre - bookune chaise - chair This will help you learn the gender with the noun. The gender is part of the noun and you will be much better off learning it now, as a beginner, than trying to go back after years of study and memorizing the genders of all the words youve already learned (we speak from experience). Also, there are quite a few French nouns with different meanings depending on whether they are masculine or feminine. Gender of French Nouns French nouns are always masculine or feminine, and you usually cant determine the gender just by looking at the word or thinking about what it means. While there are some tendencies in the gender of French nouns - see the table below - there are always exceptions. Please dont use these patterns as a way to avoid learning the genders of nouns - just learn each word as gender noun and then youll know them forever. Nearly all French nouns have different forms for singular and plural. In addition, many nouns that refer to people and animals have both a masculine and a feminine form. Ending is usually: -age masculine Exceptions: une cage, une image, une nage, une page, une plage, une rage -eau masculine Exceptions: l'eau, la peau -à ©e feminine Exceptions: un lycà ©e, un musà ©e -ion feminine Exceptions: un avion, un bastion, billion, un million, un lion, un scion -tà © feminine Exceptions: un comità ©, un invità © In addition, most countries and names that end in e are feminine. French Nouns With Irregular Feminine Forms Most French nouns become feminine according to regular patterns, but there are a number of irregular nouns, based on the final letter(s) of the masculine singular noun. Nouns that end in a vowel plus L, N, or T usually become feminine by doubling the consonant before adding E. Ending: en  enne   Noun: le gardien (guard)Masculine singular   le gardienFeminine singular   la gardienneMasculine plural   les gardiensFeminine plural   les gardiennes Ending: el  elle   Noun: le colonel (colonel)Masculine singular   le colonelFeminine singular   la colonelleMasculine plural   les colonelsFeminine plural   les colonelles Nouns that end in er need a grave accent: Ending: er  à ¨re   Noun: le boulanger (baker)Masculine singular   le boulangerFeminine singular   la boulangà ¨reMasculine plural   les boulangersFeminine plural   les boulangà ¨res The final letters eur have two possible irregular feminine endings: Ending: eur  euse   Noun: un danseur (dancer)Masculine singular   un danseurFeminine singular   une danseuseMasculine plural   des danseursFeminine plural   des danseuses Ending: eur  rice   Noun: un acteur (actor)Masculine singular   un acteurFeminine singular   une actriceMasculine plural   des acteursFeminine plural   des actrices Notes These rules are similar for making adjectives feminineThe rules for making nouns feminine apply only to people and some animals. They do not apply to objects, which have only one form: masculine or feminine.Compound nouns have their own gender rules. French Nouns With Irregular Plurals Most French nouns become plural according to regular patterns, but there are a number of irregular nouns, based on the final letter(s) of the singular noun. The endings al and ail change to aux in the plural: Noun: un cheval (horse)Masculine singular   un chevalMasculine plural   des chevaux Noun: un travail (task, job)Masculine singular   un travailMasculine plural   des travaux The endings au, eau, and eu take an X for plural: Noun: un tuyau (pipe, tip)Masculine singular   un tuyauMasculine plural   des tuyaux Noun: un chà ¢teau (castle)Masculine singular   un chà ¢teauMasculine plural   des chà ¢teaux Noun: un feu (fire)Masculine singular   un feuMasculine plural   des feux
Monday, May 18, 2020
Cultural Culture Courtship And Marriage - 1268 Words
Cultural relativism says that we must examine cultural practices within a cultural context, seeking to understand different practices from the eye of those who practice them. It is sometimes hard to understand other cultures from an emic perspective, and there is a tendency to favor your culture, viewing it as superior. It is helpful to change your perspective, assuming an outside view towards your culture and taking an inside look at another. Over the course of this paper, I will explain my American Culture courtship and marriage traditions through the etic eye to show the perspective to an outsider, and I will examine an aspect of the Sub-Saharan African polygyny marriage from an emic perspective to become familiar with this lifestyle. In this section, I will examine the American culture in courtship and marriage from an etic perspective. As Crapo(2013) describes etic as â€Å"etic models invariably describe cultures in ways that seem alien to its participants but facilitate comparisons between cultures and the discovery of universal principles in the structure and functioning of cultures†(p.27). In the article Body Ritual among the Nacierema, Miner(1956) describes an aspect of the â€Å"Nacierema†culture from an etic perspective, allowing readers to realize the Nacierema are Americans. From an etic eye, Americans practice probably seems as strange to an outsider, as their culture is to ours. In American culture, there is courtship and marriage. Courtship inShow MoreRelatedCultural And Religious Beliefs On Courtship And Marriage Essay720 Words  | 3 PagesExploring Cultural and/or Religious Beliefs on Courtship and Marriage Page 1 Exploring Islam’s Cultural and Religious Beliefs on Marriage FAS 331: Marriage/Family Relationships Sylvia Rico Arizona State University Exploring Cultural and/or Religious Beliefs on Courtship and Marriage Page 2 Exploring Islam’s Cultural and Religious Beliefs on Marriage Islamic views on marriage is not restricted to aRead MoreThe Marriage Process in Turkish Culture1293 Words  | 5 PagesThe Marriage Process In Turkish Culture The United States is a country, founded on freedom, immersed with immigrants hoping to secure their independence and reconstruct their lives. The United States, unlike many other countries, is made up entirely of different cultures and ethnic groups. This country is home to many middle-eastern citizens, with a great majority of Turkish Americans. According to the Embassy of the United States, there are currently 500,000 Americans with â€Å"Turkic†descent (TMPFA)Read MoreEssay about The Evolution of Courtship in America1159 Words  | 5 PagesThe Evolution of Courtship in America Courtship is a dance as old as the human race. (Hoose 56). Dating is essentially the basis of life. If people are unable to find a mate and procreate, then human life ceases to exist. Although courtship can often lead to marriage, the way a couple reaches the point of matrimony has changed. Through the advancements in technology and changes in society, courtship in America has evolved drastically. Although many of the traditions and ceremonies of earlyRead MoreThe Courtship and Marriage Customs of the Waray1426 Words  | 6 PagesTHE COURTSHIP AND MARRIAGE CUSTOM OF THE WARAY J. Colima Bajado*  The Philippines as a whole abounds in quaint marriage customs and traditions. Written literatures from Fr. Pedro Chirino (1590s), Blair and Robertson, to Gregorio Zaide describe the pre-Spanish marriage customs of the Philippines. More writers like Fay Cooper Cole, John Finley, C.R. Moss and John Garvan have written on the courtship and marriage rituals of the various tribes in the country.  On the marriage customs of the WaraysRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen1176 Words  | 5 PagesThroughout all of Jane Austen’s writing, she uses metaphors as a representation of the societal values and culture she was undergoing in real life. Austen lived in a period where gender roles were definite and followed. Finding a suitable husband to depend on for a secure future was the sole purpose for daughters in the family. These circumstances were conventional, and for the most part, not questioned. Though, Austen had a voice that she wanted to share, so she used symbolism to minimize the provocativeRead MorePrimary Source Report : Trial Of Madeleine Smith Essay1347 Words  | 6 PagesPublic respectability and social status was a key requisite in upper-middle-class Victorian Britain. Another significant cultural characteristic of nineteenth century Britain was the importance of family as a source in identifying a socially and economically fitting marriage partner for middle class women. Gordon and Nair argue that even though individuals had the choice of marriage partner it was not an unhindered choice. The social separation of classes made it improbable that an inappropriate matchRead MoreEqual Engagement: In Marriage and Between Cultures Essay1503 Words  | 7 Pages Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice illuminates a social courtship between the proud Mister Fitzwilliam Darcy and the shrewd, unconventional Miss Elizabeth Bennet. Elizabeth is proud of her own identity. She astutely justifies herself as â€Å"a gentleman’s daughter†(Austen 337) in her confrontation with the prejudiced and class-conscious Lady Catherine de Bourgh. Mister Fitzwilliam Darcy, who shares Elizabeth’s sharp tongue, comes from a family of high social status; his privileged upbringing instilledRead MoreA Brief History of Courtship and Dating in America3198 Words  | 13 PagesA Brief History of Courtship and Dating in America, Part 1 [pic]by The Revd Skip Burzumato [pic] Whenever possible, I love to use the word courtship in everyday conversation with young and old alike. Its one of those words with which most people are familiar, but have vastly differing opinions of what it means. For many, courtship is an old-fashioned word. It summons visions of men wooing women with small tokens of affection and asking their hand in marriage on bended knee. For social scientistsRead MoreThe Ainu And The Wajin Japanese1660 Words  | 7 Pagessame geological location, their cultural beliefs and way of life are different in so many ways, and yet, so similar in others. To further accentuate this, this paper will delve deeper into one specific topic of the Ainu and the Wajin Japanese’s lives; marriage. While both the Ainu and the Wajin Japanese are both similar and different to each other, they both have marriage present in their societies. To begin with, the Ainu have an extremely positive outlook on marriage and continue to see it as a massiveRead MoreIslamic Ideas on Arranged Marriages1887 Words  | 7 Pages Marriage is an institute commemorated in most parts of the world. Unlike western societies, where love is a precondition to marriage, in many other parts of the world it is still not a requirement. A popular saying among these traditional cultures is first comes marriage, and then comes love. The Islamic community is one of the many cultures that embrace arranged marriages. Until very recently, research on Islamic marriage and family formation have been sparse. Raeann Hamon summarizes this absence
Wednesday, May 13, 2020
Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury - 918 Words
â€Å"Fahrenheit 451,†written by Ray Bradbury, is a futuristic, dystopian novel based upon a society secluded by technology and ignorance. In this future society, books are outlawed and firemen are presented with the task of burning books that are found in people’s homes. Montag, a fireman, finds himself intrigued with the books, and begins to take them home and read them. As the story progresses, Montag learns the truth behind why books are outlawed and flees his city to join the last remnants of age-old scholars. To progress the story and help the reader easily understand the events, Bradbury uses certain steps to write his book. The novel â€Å"Fahrenheit 451†possesses all of the steps of narrative structure, which includes the exposition,†¦show more content†¦One of the last events in the rising action is a new hound is pursuing the fleeing Montague, which leads to the climax of the novel. Bradbury’s use of the narrative structure keeps the reader interested in the events of the novel by providing twists and turns that are unexpected and exciting. The climax is the point of greatest tension in a novel. This scene determines the path that the story will follow until the end. In â€Å"Fahrenheit 451,†the climax is when the new hound is very close to catching Montag; however, he is able to escape by going into the river. This scene is the climax because the story can either continue here, or it can end. Montag can either escape from the hound and leave the city, or he can be caught by the hound and killed. Bradbury uses the climax in the narrative structure to show the readers the full circle of events in the novel. He brings all of the events in the story to one scene, showing the readers the moment in time where they all converge and reveal the fate of the protagonist. After the climax, the story continues with the falling action. The falling action includes the events directly following the climax and preceding the resolution. The author uses the falling action to answer previous questions in the story, while also presenting an unexpected scenario that continues toShow MoreRelatedFahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury719 Words  | 3 PagesThe flash point of paper, or the temperature at which paper will burst in flames, is 451 degrees Fahrenheit. In Fahrenheit 451, written by Ray Bradbury, the main character, Guy Montag, is a â€Å"fireman†in a futuristic society where he and his coworkers start fires, rather than put them out. Books are banned and burned, along with the owner of the book’s house and sometimes even the owner of the book, upon discovery. Technology has taken over in a sense that social interaction between the average personRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1952 Words  | 8 Pagesis clearly displayed in the plight of Ray Bradbury’s novel about a dystopian American society, Fahrenheit 451, which contains many ideas and bits of content that some peop le believed should be censored. In fact, one of the reasons that this novel was censored for displaying the dangers of censorship, which is both extremely ironic, and telling as to where this society is going. Thanks to several distributors and oversensitive parents and teachers, Fahrenheit 451 has been banned in many schools overRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury954 Words  | 4 Pages In Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, the author uses allegory (often misinterpreted by readers) to show the dangers of mass media consumption and the decline of reading traditional media. Many readers draw incorrect conclusions (lessons learned) from the book due to how generally the book applies its theme. Government censorship, though an important topic, is not the intended focus of the novel Fahrenheit 451. Finally, Bradbury’s original message of the book shows the beauty of traditional media andRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1592 Words  | 7 PagesWhen writing the introdu ction to Fahrenheit 451, author Neil Gaiman stated that â€Å"ideas--written ideas--are special. They are the way we transmit our stories and our thoughts from one generation to the next. If we lose them, we lose our shared history†. Gaiman is absolutely correct; especially because what he is saying heavily applies to books. Books are a critical aspect in shaping humanity as a whole, they create and share a network of creative ideas, history, and overall entertainment; to loseRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury847 Words  | 4 PagesSet Knowledge On Fire The book Fahrenheit 451 is a postmodern work by Ray Bradbury first published in 1951. In Bradbury’s story, all books are illegal and are subject to be burned by firemen. Furthermore, the two predominant themes of Fahrenheit 451 are censorship and ignorance. The censorship implemented over the years removes all information from society that is necessary to learn, which accomplishes to prevent people from questioning anything. The ignorance of society has been fostered and theRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1661 Words  | 7 Pages1.) In the novel, Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, Montag’s view on life reverses. Two characters the influence the main character Guy Montag are the old lady whose house and books were burnt down and Mildred. The old lady was caught preserving books in her home. Firemen including Montag were ordered to burn the books. The old lady refused to leave her books, so she too was burned. She bravely gave an allusion as her last words, â€Å"Play the man,’ she said, ‘Master Ridley.’ Something, somethingRead MoreFahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury818 Words  | 4 PagesFAHRENHEIT 451 BY RAY BRADBURY Important People in Montag’s Life In Partical Fulfillment Of English 2 Ms Irina Abramov By Helen Hernandez November 9, 2012 â€Å"There are worse crimes than burning books. One of them is not reading them†-Ray Bradbury. In the past there were events that affected book writers. People will get together to burn books because they thought it was inappropriate or they were against their literature. Montag is a fireman in a futuristic society who would startRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury863 Words  | 4 PagesThe novel, Fahrenheit 451 was written by Ray Bradbury and it took place in the dystopian future. Throughout each novel, we are able to see a major theme, which is censorship. In this essay, I will explain how this theme are explored in the story by using the literary devices. To begin with, in this novel, censorship is not given a straight description, but we can see how the author shows it through many literary elements, such as using the setting, tone and symbolisms even foreshadowing. This novelRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1544 Words  | 7 PagesRay Bradbury, the author of Fahrenheit 451, expresses his perspective on life in an interview. His interview contains a common theme: Do what you love, and love what you do (Bradbury). Bradbury sends a message in his interview that people should love life, and live to the fullest because he believes life is a beautiful thing. Although Bradbury no longer can demonstrate his love for life his message still lives in the pages of Fahrenheit 451. The Government of the society in the novel has told theirRead MoreFahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury904 Words  | 4 PagesLiving in a world with no free thought would be bland as cardboard. But, if that cardboard illuminated with fire, would it have more mea ning than it did before? The answer is yes. In the novel Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, the main character, Montag, finds much meaning behind the simple element of fire. The symbol of fire is used to represent how Montag changes himself and his ideas and thoughts about fire throughout the novel. At first, Montag views fire as destructive, but enjoys burning because
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Frederick Henry Discovered Essay - 1901 Words
Frederick Henry Discovered In A Farewell to Arms, Ernest Hemingway uses his idea of the code hero to introduce us to an amazing character. Hemingway takes his own ideas and conveys them through Frederic Henry. During World War I Frederic Henry proves to us that war and lost love can change a strong and willing man. Most men are not willing to change and Frederic Henry realized that in order for him to survive the many problems he was faced with, he would have to become a more mature man, love and solider. Hemingway’s code hero is portrayed in most every novel that Hemingway wrote. He takes his main character and makes him someone that is hard to change and even harder to make realize the situations around him. His code†¦show more content†¦This was a performance for Jordan (the main character in For Whom the Bell Tolls) because he felt that since this was his job in the war, people might look on his actions for years to come. He wanted people to remember his good â€Å"performance.†The code hero does not want to do anything that could affect what his orders are. Frederic especially wanted to do everything possible in the war that he could. â€Å"He must keep himself in good health in order to do his duty and serve in the war†(Hemingway, A Farewell to Arms 63). Although Hemingway tried to portray Henry as a well-established man, he sometimes is confused and not sure of what to do. â€Å"What Hemingway portrays, in fact, is a good, albeit a disappointed and disillusioned, man trying to fulfill his various obligations†(Nolan 271). He is trying to make his relationship last since he is in love and he is also trying to take care of his duty’s in the war. Although the story is told through first-person narration, we know that Frederic is a clean-shaven man who is tall in stature and although he is not handsome, he is attractive which makes him fit into Hemingway’s code hero. He shows us that he is a strong man and you realize this by everything he has to go through during his time of service. He is a strong man by fighting for a country that isn’t even is. By fighting for another country he is trying to discover himself and he wants from life. He is trying to discover what he truly wants. Even though he is aShow MoreRelatedNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1243 Words  | 5 Pages Frederick Douglass slave owner was his dad. This book is Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. The author is Frederick Douglass of his narrative. Frederick Douglass was born into slavery he was working on the farm by age 7. His dad ( Fred’s slave owner ) whipped him as well as Fred’s mom. He was born in Tuckahoe, near Hillsborough, and about twelve miles from Easton, in Talbot county, Maryland. â€Å"I have no accurate knowledge of my age, never having seen any authentic record containingRead MoreScientific Management Frederick Taylor Essay1287 Words  | 6 Pagesapproach that involves using scientific methods to define the â€Å"one best way†for a job to be done’. Frederick W. Taylor is said to be the forefather of scientific management, during his time many people criticised Taylor and his work, however it is easy to see that many of his approaches are used in contemporary management systems. This essay will provide a review of the article ‘The Ideas of Frederick W. Taylor’, Academy of Management Review (Locke, E., 1982) which discusses the positives and negativesRead MoreHenry Fords Key to Production and Efficiency Essay examples1605 Words  | 7 Pages Henry Ford created the Model T with the goal of producing a car that could be marketed to the middle class. Up until this point the average car produced cost around $2,000, which exceeded the price range of most Americans. Ford saw the middle class as an economic opportunity, a chance to create more costumers while still manufacturing the same product. His decision was not based exclusively on the lucrative market of the middle class though, but also on his humanitarian belief that citizensRead MoreBusiness777 Words  | 4 PagesBusiness theorists * Frederick Taylors theory of scientific management developed techniques for improving the efficiency of the work process. * Based on a systematic study of people, tasks and work behaviour, Taylors theory broke the work process down into the smallest possible units, or sub-tasks, in an effort to determine the most efficient method possible for completing a particular job. * Taylors method consisted of testing the completion of various tasks to determine the optimalRead MoreAnalysis Of A Slave Narrative By Frederick Douglass1646 Words  | 7 Pagesboth the hardships of slaves as well as the capabilities of those freed from enslavement to achieve more. Within Frederick Douglass’ narrative, he depicts both his life as a slave and as a public figure after his emancipation. He achieves this by casting both images of himself in separate ways but while also alluding to how one identity has led to the formation of another. Frederick Douglas viewed his life as a slave as less than a life. To him existing as a slave was to hardly exist at all. HeRead MoreChapter 17 : Industrial Supremacy1035 Words  | 5 PagesTechnologies i. Henry Bessemer and William Kelly – Bessemer process converted iron into much stronger steel – steel industry boom used in railroads and construction ii. Steel Industry boomed in Ohio and PA – abundance of iron ore iii. Oil discovered in PA at Drake’s Folly – originally used in lamps iv. New transportation systems grew due to the steel industry – freighter for great lakes and oil industry grew because they had to lubricate the mill machinery b. The Airplane and the Automobile i. Henry Ford madeRead More Essay on Tom in The Glass Menagerie580 Words  | 3 Pagesmother goes beyond Hegels aim to that philosophers idea of Concept: Tom refuses to accept the situation as the corpse which has left the tendency behind (Kaufmann 10). In the play, Tom is able to relate his experience to the audience he has discovered, by a well-combined use of reasoning and observation, the actual laws of phenomena-that is to say, their invariable relations of succession and likeness (Comtà © 2). He is able to express the logic and the laws of his situation (his field, memory);Read MoreThe Development of Wireless Communication Leading to the Alexanderson Alternator Not much has1200 Words  | 5 Pagesexplaining how it was possible that the electrical current had an effect on the magnetic needle of the compass. After reading about Orsted’s results, a man by the name of Andrà ©-Marie Ampà ¨re sought to find the reason for this occurrence and what he discovered changed the field of electrical engineering forever. â€Å"He demonstrated that when two wires were placed parallel to one another, both carrying an electric current, theyd either be attracted to or repulsed by each other depending on which directionsRead MoreThe Father Of American Anthropology906 Words  | 4 Pagescultures. In an article Boas had challenged the Lewis Henry Morgan’s principles of museum display. Curators had organized artifacts by level of technological advancement, assuming that changes in artifacts reflected cultural evolution. Boas disagreed, believing tools reflected the conditions in which they were made and used, not the evolution of the cultu re. Later, Boas was able to put his approach to use when he was hired to assist Frederick Ward Putnam, director and curator of the Peabody MuseumRead MoreBlack Men, By Frederick Douglass And Harriet Jacobs983 Words  | 4 Pagesfulfilling a slave-owner’s sexual desires and for reproducing new â€Å"property†. A slave’s manhood or womanhood was diminished as neither gender had the ability to create a self-identity outside the gender roles assigned to them by the slavery institution. Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs defy these stereotypes in their noteworthy slave narratives as they recount their struggles for self-discovery and freedom. Douglass proved that black men were capable of intellectual stimulation and self-identification
Dyspepsia Chronic Or Recurrent Pain Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays
Good nutrition is indispensable to good wellness throughout life, get downing with pre natal life and go oning through old age. An ancient ayurvedic adage denotes that â€Å" When diet is incorrect medical specialty is of no usage, when diet is right medical specialty is of no demand. Thus nutrition scientific discipline helps to advance human wellness and dainty disease. We will write a custom essay sample on Dyspepsia Chronic Or Recurrent Pain Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Aging is a natural evident fact in human life. The universe is expected to see an unprecedented ripening of the human population in states worldwide. It is likely that there are 416 million old people ( aged 60 old ages and supra ) around the Earth and by 2020 universe ‘s 11.9 % of population will be above 60 old ages ( Mr. Katz ) . In India besides the tendency is same, 7.5 % of the entire population is above 60 old ages. Harmonizing to the population appraisal of Tamil Nadu 2001, Male senior citizens within 60-69 twelvemonth of age was 5.35 % , 70-79 old ages of age was 2.49 % and 80 old ages of age and above was 86 % .Female senior citizens in 60-69 twelvemonth of age was 5.62 % , 70-79 old ages of age was 2.41 % .80 old ages and above was 0.9 % .When comparison with 1961, 1971, 1981 and 1991 twelvemonth nose count, there was addition in figure of senior citizens in Tamil Nadu. Harmonizing to the nose count of Madurai, the population aged 60 to 64 old ages predicted as 3.05 % , 65-69 twelvemonth projected as 2.10 % , 70 to74 old ages reported as 1.54 % , 75-79 twelvemonth predicted as 0.78 % and 80 + old ages anticipated as 0.88 % .It is estimated that the proportion of with this addition in the population of the senior citizens, societies in each state have to larn how to cover with a new set of wellness challenges. It is known that the senior citizens suffer from assorted types of jobs physically, psychologically, economically and socially. 45 % of old age people in India have chronic disease and disablements. There is a common expression by the natural healer that â€Å" All disease begins in the intestine. †Chiefly the increased prevalence of several common GI upsets occurs in the aged individual. Senior citizens normally experiences dysphasia, anorexia, indigestion, and colonic jobs. Among these indigestions holding the highest prevalence rate in India. Dyspepsia is a chronic or perennial hurting or uncomfortableness centered in the upper venters associated with a assortment of symptoms including station prandial comprehensiveness, bloating, flatulency, sickness, purging, pyrosis, early repletion and acerb regurgitation. Globally the incidence rate of indigestion is 7 to 45 % . The hazard factors of indigestion include nutrient, intoxicant, caffeine, indigestion and medicines contribute to dyspepsia. Chronic indigestion associated with stomachic malignant neoplastic disease, peptic ulcer, gastro esophageal reflux upset or may miss an identifiable cause. Dyspepsia can be categorized in to three ; those with dismay characteristics, those with no dismay characteristics but found to be positive for H.pylori ( unsophisticated indigestion ) and those in whom no causal organic disease has been identified ( functional indigestion ) . The common direction of indigestion includes lifestyle alterations, H.pylori therapy, and pharmacological di rection. Pharmacological direction includes alkalizers, prokinectics, acid suppressive cytoprotective and H.pylori obliteration agents. Indigestion can be managed in place by disposal of Ginger infusion. Ginger has been used as a traditional medical specialty in Asia and India since antediluvian times. Ginger infusion has a spicy inspiring gustatory sensation. It is used as a place redress for dyspepsia, sickness, cold and sore pharynxs. The characteristic olfactory properties and spirit of ginger root is caused by a mixture of zingrone, shogaols and gingerols, volatile oils that compose about one to three per centum of the weight of fresh ginger. Volatile oils have the ability to chase away gas and cut down bloating in the bowel. Ginger is rich in such oils. It promotes the production of spit, which is called sialagogue. This action makes the ginger to excite the flow of gall from the saddle sore vesica which helps dyspepsia. Need FOR THE STUDY Dyspepsia is non a disease but a group of symptoms that alert practician to disease of the upper gastro-intestinal piece of land. It is reported that 50 % of people with dyspepsia ego medicate utilizing alkalizers and low dosage H2 receptor adversaries, perchance with advice from a community druggist, but statistics show that every bit many as one in 4 people in Scotland with indigestion and one in 10 in England and Wales consult their general practician. Dyspepsia is one of the dominant upper gastro-intestinal jobs among elderly. It is non been shown to be associated with any addition in mortality. However, the impact of this status on patients and wellness attention services has been shown to be considerable. In a recent community study of several European and North American populations, 20 % of people with dyspeptic symptoms had consulted either primary attention doctors or hospital specializers ; more than 50 % of indigestion sick persons were on medicine most of the clip and about 30 % of dyspeptics reported taking yearss off work or schooling due to their symptoms. The prevalence rate of indigestion varies well between different populations. Dyspepsia is considered as a public wellness job in India. Nationwide study of indigestion conducted in 2006 shows that the prevalence of uninvestigated indigestion was 30.4 % . A study in urban Mumbai found that uninvestigated indigestion was more prevailing in grownups gt ; 40 old ages of age. A study on cultural group of Indians found that the estimated rate of uninvestigated indigestion was 7.5 % . In an urban study in India found that no difference in dyspeptic symptoms occurred between vegetarians ( 29.1 % ) and meat-eaters ( 31.2 % ) . This shows that indigestion is a common job in India among senior citizens. A planetary position on the prevalence of uninvestigated indigestion varies between 7-45 % and functional indigestion has been noted to change between 11-29.2 % .The prevalence of lowest rate of uninvestigated indigestion was seen in Singapore ( 7-8 % ) , South East Asia, somewhat higher rates are seen amongst the Scandinavians ( 14.5 % and 18.4 % ) , a prevalence rates are of 23-25.8 % are seen in the US with populations in India ( 30.4 % ) and New Zealand ( 34.2 % ) holding the highest rate. Whereas the prevalence rate of functional indigestion in UK, Taiwan and US were 15 % , 23.8 % and 29.8 % severally. Hazard factors for indigestion have been shown to include females and underlying psychological perturbations, environmental/lifestyle wonts such as hapless economic position, smoke, increased caffeine consumption and consumption of non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs appear to be more relevant to un investigated indigestion.It is clear that indigestion is a common status globally, impacting most populations, irrespective of location. A survey on herbal medical specialty and gastro enteric system shows that ginger stimulates the flow of spit, gall and stomachic secernments. Ginger addition gastro enteric motility without impacting stomachic voidance. These findings appear to back up to the traditional usage of ginger in the intervention of GI uncomfortableness and bloating. A few surveies have proven the effects of ginger to the human organic structure. Although non yet every bit celebrated as other herbs, at least, ginger is going popular as alternate to other herbs. Among the celebrated herbal uses of ginger is as an infusion. The great benefits that ginger pull out can give are genuinely unmeasurable. There are many geriatric units in and around Madurai. The common issue identified among senior citizens is dyspepsia. Investigator felt that the ginger infusion for indigestion will assist to still and to advance better GI map among aged with low cost herbal medical specialty. In the visible radiation of the magnitude of the indigestion job and the deficiency of related surveies, the research worker has undertaken this survey to find effectivity of ginger infusion in cut downing badness of dyspeptic symptoms. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM An experimental survey to measure the effectivity of ginger infusion on indigestion among senior citizens shacking in geriatric attention unit of Christian Mission Hospital, Madurai- 2010. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY To measure the degree of indigestion among experimental and control group before administrating ginger infusion. To measure the degree of indigestion among experimental and control group after administrating ginger infusion. To happen out the difference in the degree of indigestion between experimental and control group. To happen the association between the degree of indigestion and socio demographic variables in the experimental group after administrating ginger infusion. RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS H1: There will be a important difference between the degree of indigestion between the control group and experimental group with Ginger infusion. H2: There will be a important association between the station trial degree of dyspeptic symptoms and demographic variables. Premise The undermentioned premises were made in this survey. The senior citizens would co operate with research worker and would be willing to take part efficaciously in the survey. The points included in the tool would be equal and stand for the step of dyspeptic symptoms badness. Every senior citizen is alone and responds in a alone mode to depict the badness of dyspeptic symptoms. The Ginger infusion would be sufficient to still dyspeptic symptoms. Ginger infusion will be easy acceptable by the senior citizens. OPERATIONAL DEFINITION Effectiveness of Ginger infusion In this survey, it refers to the decrease in badness of dyspeptic symptoms as measured by the average difference in dyspepsia badness tonss utilizing 7-point Global overall symptoms of dyspepsia graduated table before and after disposal of Ginger infusion. Ginger infusion In this survey, it refers to a liquid prepared by boiling peeled and grated A? tsp of fresh ginger in H2O constituted to 100 milliliter of infusion, to which 10 milliliter of honey is added to dulcify and 5 beads of lemon beads to season. Indigestion In this survey, it refers to symptoms of upper gastro enteric piece of land related to digestion as represented by the senior citizens, which includes dyspepsia, upper abdominal uncomfortableness, sickness, bloating, flatulency, station prandial comprehensiveness, early repletion, flatulency, diarrhea, irregularity, dysphagia, coated lingua and un pleasant gustatory sensation in the oral cavity. Senior Citizens Both male and female aged people who were aged 60 old ages and above and were populating off from their household in selected geriatric attention unit is referred as senior citizen. Geriatric unit Geriatric unit refers to geriatric attention division of Christian Mission Hospital, Madurai, where senior citizen ‘s distinguishable demands are catered. Boundary line The survey is delimited to Senior citizens shacking in the geriatric unit, CMH, Madurai. PROJECTED OUTCOME The survey findings will be effectual in cut downing the degree of dyspeptic symptoms among senior citizens shacking in selected geriatric unit and to wake up the involvement in non pharmacological intercessions like ginger infusion towards indigestion. Findingss of this survey will assist to be after and pattern Ginger infusion as a complementary therapy in advanced nursing pattern. CHAPTER- II REVIEW OF LITERATURE Linkss between new research subjects and bing cognition are by and large developed by a thorough reappraisal of anterior research workers on a subject and so by developing a model for the subject on the footing of what is studied. In this chapter, the reappraisal works of relevant literature and research surveies are organized under the undermentioned facets. Scenario of indigestion Magnitude of indigestion among aged people Associated factors of indigestion Tool – Global over all symptom graduated table for Dyspepsia Consequence of ginger on wellness complaints Dyspepsia and ginger 1. Surveies related to Scenario of indigestion. Sahib, Y. et.al ( 2004 ) conducted a survey on the prevalence and hazard factor of functional indigestion in a multi cultural population in the United States to mensurate the prevalence of functional indigestion and its hazard factors in a multi cultural voluntary sample of the US population. A questionnaire method was followed. Consequences indicate that the prevalence of indigestion was 31.9 per 100 and 15.8 per 100. About 64.5 % Participants with indigestion had functional indigestion. The survey concludes that most topics with indigestion had functional indigestion. Bhatia SJ et.al ( 2001 ) conducted a survey on epidemiology of indigestion in the general population in Mumbai to find the prevalence, human ecology and economic deductions of indigestion in Mumbai. A questionnaire method was followed. Consequence shows that 774 topics had indigestion, 614 people had abdominal comprehensiveness, 374 had abdominal hurting, and 272 had pyrosis and belching. The survey concludes that indigestion was reported by about tierce of the population in Mumbai. M.JJ Van Bommel.et.al ( 2001 ) conducted a survey on audiences and referrals for indigestion in general practice-a one twelvemonth database study to depict the prevalence of indigestion in general pattern, and the clinical and non clinical determiners of referral in these patients. Cross tablets and logistic arrested development analysis were carried out to uncover patient features and referral. The prevalence of indigestion in primary attention was 3.4 % .The survey concludes that indigestion is a often happening ailment in primary attention patients and normally treated by their general practician. 2. Magnitude of indigestion among aged people Alberto pilotto et.al ( 2006 ) Conducted a survey on the drug used by the aged in general pattern: effects on upper gastro intestinal symptoms to measure the prevalence of drug usage by aged outpatients in Italy and to place the association between drug usage and gastro enteric symptoms. The consequences shows that 32.7 % of patients reported at least one upper gastro enteric symptom, 25 % with dyspepsia syndrome, 16.2 % had abdominal hurting and 14.25 % had reflux symptoms. The survey concludes that the prevalence of drug usage is really high in aged outpatient population. 3. Surveies related to factor of indigestion Mahadeva.S.et.al. ( 2010 ) conducted a survey on the Hazard factors associated with indigestion in a rural Asiatic population and its impact on quality of life. To find the prevalence epidemiology and impact of indigestion in a rural Malaysian community Of 2,260 grownup, 2,000 ( 88.5 % ) completed the study. Dyspepsia was found to be associated with female gender ( 15.8 vs. 12.7 % males, P=0.058 ) , Chinese ethnicity ( 19.7 vs. 14.2 % non-Chinese ) , higher instruction degrees, medium-range incomes, non-village-type lodging, non tobacco users, non- infusion drinkers, regular analgesia consumption, and grownups with chronic unwellness. Logistic arrested development analysis showed that higher degrees of instruction, i.e. , secondary instruction, non-village lodging, regular analgesia, and chronic unwellness were independent hazard factors for indigestion. Conversely, regular infusion imbibing ) seemed to hold an opposite relationship. Epidemiologic hazard factors include a higher soci oeconomic position, regular analgetic ingestion, and chronic unwellness. Mari-Ann et.al ( 2010 ) A cross-sectional study was conducted on Dyspepsia in rural Malaysians is associated with a lower HRQOL. Epidemiological hazard factors include a higher socioeconomic position, regular analgetic ingestion, and chronic unwellness in a representative urban population in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A sum of 2039 grownups age: 40.5A A ±A 11.8A old ages, males 44.2 % , ethnicity: Malayans 45.3 % , Chinese 38.0 % and Indians 13.1 % , third instruction degree 62 % , professional employment 47.7 % and average monthly income USD 850.00 ) were interviewed. Dyspepsia was prevalent in 496 ( 24.3 % ) grownups. Independent forecasters for indigestion, explored by logistic arrested development, were identified as: Malaysians and Indian ( OR 1.59, 95 % CIA =A 1.03-2.45 ) ethnicity, heavy chilly intake usage of regular analgesia and chronic unwellness. Ethnicity, in add-on to acknowledge epidemiological factors, is a hazard factor for indigestion in an urban multi-racial Asiatic population. Barazkasm et.al ( 2009 ) conducted a survey on uninvestigated indigestion and its related factors in an Persian community to find the prevalence rate of indigestion and the hazard factors. A cross sectional study was performed. The consequences indicates that the prevalence rate of uninvestigated indigestion was 8.5 % .Post parandial comprehensiveness was experienced by 41.5 % .The survey concludes that adult females, older people, corpulent, widowed and low instruction topics are more likely to endure from indigestion. SanjivA MahadevaA MRCP, MD.et.al ( 2006 ) conducted a survey on assess the association between depression and functional indigestion. It showed greater prevalence of depression among functional indigestion patients ( 30.4 % ) , when compared to organic indigestion patients ( 11.2 % ) . Women showed greater hazard to present functional indigestion and in footings of age, the group with ages between 31 to 50 old ages and 51 to 60 old ages showed protection consequence ( topics within these age groups have minor hazard to present functional indigestion ) . After the multivariate analysis depressed patients showed three times greater co morbidity with functional indigestion when compared to non-depressed patients. The accommodation for the gender, age and matrimonial position variables confirmed the association between functional indigestion and depression. Consequences point the demand to measure the presence of depression in functional indigestion patients and to set up specific interv ention schemes for these patients. Stephen W.MD et.al ( 2006 ) Conducted a survey on indigestion in homeless grownup to find the prevalence and hazard factors for indigestion in a representative sample of stateless individuals. A cross sectional study with serologic proving for Helicobacter pylori infection was done. The consequences revealed that 18 % had upper tummy hurting, 595 had dyspeptic symptoms. H.pylori infection was identified in 315 of Participants. The survey concludes that indigestion is a common job among stateless grownups in Toronto. Stolte M et Al ( 2003 ) conducted a survey on Helicobacter pylori obliteration is good in the intervention of functional indigestion to measure whether the obliteration of Helicobacter pylori leads to long term alleviation of symptoms of functional indigestion. Double unsighted obliteration was followed. The consequences showed a statistically benefit in footings of symptom alleviation from non-ulcer indigestion. The survey concludes that H.pylori infection causes dyspeptic symptom in a subset of patients with functional indigestion. 4. Surveies related to consequence of ginger on wellness complaints Zahra Vahdat ( 2009 ) conducted a survey on consequence of enteric feeding with ginger infusion in acute respiratory hurt syndrome. An enteric diet supplemented with ginger infusion in acute respiratory hurt syndrome ( ARDS ) patients may be good for gas exchange and could diminish continuance of mechanical airing and length of stay in intensive attention unit ( ICU ) . In this individual centre, randomized, controlled dual blind survey, 32 patients with ARDS were randomized to have a high protein enteric diet enriched with ginger infusion or placebo. Patients fed enteric diet enriched with ginger infusion had significantly betterment in oxygenation was observed on twenty-four hours 5 ( P=0.02 ) and 10 ( P=0.003 ) in ginger infusion group compared to command group. A important difference was found in continuance of mechanical airing ( P0.02 ) and length of ICU stay ( P=0.04 ) in favor of ginger infusion group. None of incidences like barotraumas, organ failure and mortality found amo ng survey groups. Zahra Atai et.al ( 2009 ) conducted a survey on Inhibitory Effect of Ginger Extract on Candida albicans fungous infections could be dangerous in immuno compromised patients. Candida albicans is the most frequent Fungi in the unwritten pit. The first measure for intervention could be done utilizing topical fungicidal agents. Nystatine is a pick for mentioned use but there are some jobs in its utilizing including: unfavoured gustatory sensation, frequence of use, etc. This survey was carried out to happen an option for Nystatine. The survey was designed based on laboratory probes to look into the fungicidal activity of zingiber offcinale ( Ginger ) on Candida albicans which was obtained from Persian microbic aggregation and was confirmed by Germ Tube formation trial. Ethanolic Ginger infusion was prepared. The fungicidal activity of the infusion was determined utilizing Agar dilution and disc diffusion techniques. Datas were analyzed by ANOVA trial. The consequences showed that the eth anolic infusion was effectual on Candida albicans ( 2 mg mLiˆÂ 1 ) at the concentration of 1:5. The survey indicates that Ginger infusion might hold promise in intervention of unwritten moniliasis. Hoffman.T ( 2007 ) says that ginger has been used safely for 1000s old ages in cookery and medically in common people and place redresss. Advanced engineering enables the proof of these traditional experiences. The national centre for ( NCCAM ) has evaluated the consequences of the available surveies, evaluation the studies from â€Å" implicative †( for short term usage of ginger for alleviation from, gestation related sickness and emesis ) to â€Å" assorted †( when used for sickness caused by gesture illness, chemotherapy or surgery ) and to â€Å" ill-defined †for handling rheumatoid arthritis, osteo arthritis or joint and musculus hurting. White B ( 2007 ) explained ginger is one of the more normally used herbal addendums. Although frequently consumed for culinary intents, it is taken by many patients to handle a assortment of conditions, ginger has been shown to be effectual for gestation induced and post operative sickness and emesis. There is less grounds to back up its usage for gesture illness or other types of sickness and emesis. Assorted consequences have been found in limited surveies of ginger for the intervention of arthritis symptoms. Hollyer.T.Boo.et.al ( 2002 ) conducted a survey related to the usage of complementary and alternate medical specialty by Women enduring from sickness and purging during gestation. In this survey 70 adult females completed the questionnaire 61 % reported utilizing complementary and alternate medical specialty therapies of which the three most popular were ginger, vit B6 and acupressure 21 % of those who reported utilizing CAM had consulted CAM practioners, 8 % their doctors / druggist and 71 % discussed the use with household, friends and other wellness professionals. Womans did non utilize CAM stated they would likely utilize these modes if there was more information about these safety in gestation. Nanthakoman T, Pongrojpaw.D ( 2006 ) found that efficaciousness of ginger in bar of station operative sickness and emesis after major gynecologic surgery from March 2005-april 2006, 120 patients who underwent major gynecologic surgery were randomized in to group A ( n=60 ) and group B ( n=60 ) . The patients in group A received two capsules of ginger taken one hr before the process ( one capsule contains 0.5 g of ginger pulverization ) . The patients in group received the placebo. The ( VANS ) ocular parallel sickness mark and frequence of purging were evaluated at 0, 2,6,12 and 24 hours after the operation statistically important difference in sickness between group A ( 48.3 % ) and group B ( 66.7 % ) . 5. Surveies related to dyspepsia and ginger Badreldin H.et Al ( 2008 ) conducted a survey on some phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological belongingss of ginger ( zingiber officinale Roscoe ) : A reappraisal of recent research. The survey shows that ginger is used for a broad array of unrelated complaints that include dyspepsia, irregularity, spasms, purging, strivings, sore pharynx, arthritis and helminthiasis. Mahady GB et.al ( 2003 ) Conducted a survey on ginger root ( Zingiber officinale Roscoe ) and the gingerols inhibit the growing of CagA+ strains of Helicobacter pylori. A methanol infusion of the dried ginger rootstock, 10-gingerols and 6-shoyoal, were tested against 19 strains HP including 5CagA+ strains. The consequence revealed that a methanol infusion of ginger rootstock inhibit the growing of all 19 strain wickedness vitro. The survey concludes that ginger root extracts incorporating gingerols inhibit the growing of H.pylori CagA+ strains in vitro. Gupta et.al ( 2003 ) Conducted a survey on ginger at Toyama medical and pharmaceutical university.Found that fresh pieces of ginger dipped in a small salt additions salivation in the oral cavity and stocked ‘digestive fire ‘ in the tummy. The survey concludes that the ginger activated a concatenation reaction in our immune system that aids digestion and dainties stomach complaints. Narullah A et.al ( 2003 ) conducted a survey on usage of common people redresss among patients in Karachi Pakistan to find the scientific grounds sing the usage of herbal medical specialty in Pakistan. A questionnaire method was followed. The survey shows that cinnamon, ginger, cloves, honey, lemon, poppy seeds, eggs and curd are the common herbal medical specialty they are practising. These common people redresss are used in common cold, cough and grippe to more serious status such as indigestion, asthma, icterus and heat shot. The survey concludes that the significant usage of common people redresss for intervention of medical conditions need to form on scientific lines. 6. Surveies related 7-point Global Symptom Scale for Dyspepsia: S. J. O. Veldhuyzen et.al conducted survey that proof was performed in two randomized-controlled tests ( n A? 1121 and 512 ) . Global overall symptom was compared with the quality of life in reflux and indigestion, GI symptom evaluation graduated table, reflux disease questionnaire and 10 specific symptoms. The intra category correlativity coefficient was calculated for patients with stable indigestion defined by no alteration in overall intervention consequence mark over two visits. Change in planetary overall symptom mark correlated significantly with quality of life for reflux and indigestion, GI symptom evaluation graduated table, reflux disease questionnaire and specific symptoms ( all P lt ; 0.0002 ) . Dependability: there was a positive correlativity between alteration in planetary overall symptom and alteration in symptom badness. The consequence size and standardised response mean were 1.1 and 2.1, severally. The planetary overall symptom graduated table is a simple, valid result step for indigestion intervention tests. How to cite Dyspepsia Chronic Or Recurrent Pain Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples
Scott Joplin free essay sample
Scott Joplin, commonly known as the King of Ragtime music, was born on November 24, 1868, in Bowie County, Texas near Linden. Joplin came from a large musical family. His father, Giles Joplin was a musician who had fiddled dance music while serving as a slave at his masters parties. His mother, Florence Givens Joplin, born free and out of slavery, sang and played the banjo, and four of his brothers and sisters either sang or played strings. Joplin talent was revealed at an early age.Encouraged by his parents, he became extremely proficient on the banjo and gained an interest for playing the piano. After Joplin parents purchased a piano for the family, he taught himself how to play the instrument so well that his piano playing became remarkable. Joplin soon began playing for church and local social events. By age eleven, while under the teachings of a German music teacher named Julius Weiss, Joplin was learning the finer points of harmony and style. We will write a custom essay sample on Scott Joplin or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As a teenager, he played well enough to be employed as a dance musician.In 1884, Joplin left home and traveled the Midwest for some time as an integrant pianist playing in saloons and brothels. He settled in SST. Louis a few years later and continued his studies. He found employment there in the citys prostitution district playing as a cafe pianist. Joplin left SST. Louis In 1893 and performed at the Columbian Exposition In Chicago. He left there in 1 894 and arrived in Cedilla, Missouri, where he spent the next year or so entertaining the patrons of a private club on the second floor of a saloon by the name of Maple Leaf Club.In 1895, Joplin continued his studies at the George R. Smith College for Negroes where he soon published his first composition, the song Please Say You Will. From there, Joplin toured with an eight member Texas Medley Quartet across the country all the way up to Syracuse, New York. This Quartet disbanded in 1 897 and Joplin organized another group, the Seed Quartet, which performed off and on during the next few years. In 1899, Joplin composed the Maple Leaf Rag. This song soon became the most popular piano rag of the period. It brought Joplin popularity, which inspired him to impose several more original rags. Joplin headed for New York in 1 907 where he continued composing music and began instructing others in music. He son sought a publisher for one of his most famous operas Tiresomeness. During this time, though, it never reached any success. This opera did not actually reach popularity until some 60 years later. New York proved to be stimulating for Joplin creative mind. There he published many In 1916, Joplin career came to an abrupt end. Joplin contracted syphilis and began suffering the terminal effects of this disease. He suffered from paranoia, dementia, finalization, and other symptoms. In the latter part of 1916, he was admitted to Manhattan State Hospital, a mental hospital, where he would never leave until he passed away on April 1, 1917. After his death, Joplin body was buried in the Astoria section of Queens, New York in SST. Michaels Cemetery. In Joplin many years of composing, he was never actually acknowledged as the great composer that he really was.There Just was not any opportunities for black musicians during those times to have their music heard by anyone in the serious classical world. Joplin music received recognition posthumously as a result of the revival of ragtime music in the sasss, as well as during its popularity in the sasss and sasss. Throughout his entire life, Joplin was mostly influenced to increase his musical skills by his mother and father, both being musicians themselves. More than type of influence upon himself, Joplin was one to place the influence on others.His works sparked the writings of his contemporaries, all those who studied with him, and all those who studied his music. Joplin led in the development of the music genre known as ragtime, which was a unique blend of European classical styles combined with African American rhythm and harmony. Throughout his lifetime, Joplin published some 60 compositions of which 41 were piano rags. Through his unique styles, he had developed the piano rag and American folk operas. He was mostly successful for his fusion of the Afro- American folk tradition with European art music forms and techniques.
Monday, May 4, 2020
Sophias Senario Palliative Care for Medication - myassignmenthelp
Question: Discuss about theSophias Senario Palliative Care for Medication. Answer: Introduction The assignment deals with the case study of Sophie, a 47-year-old woman living with metastatic breast cancer. She was admitted to the palliative care unit after the worsening of the symptoms. In response to the case study the assignment discusses the role of the palliative care nurse for Sophie in conduct a comprehensive health assessment management plan. It includes the use of patient history in assessment, use of physical examination in assessment, the priorities of management. The discussion and the clinical decision-making pertaining to the case study is supported with the relevant literature. Patient history in assessment The palliative care nurses must be well versed with the significance of taking the new patient history for documentation. Based on the literature evidence, the nurse must initially gather information as per the type of tumor. The nurse must obtain the relevant breast cancer focused history. The history of the present illness may include onset, location, duration, characteristics of the signs and symptoms (Schacht et al., 2014). It should also include the Sophies aggravating and relieving factors. The nurse must document the details of the temporality of the presenting sign or symptoms. Further, the type of medication that was administered to her is also necessary to gain a perspective on the current illness symptoms and to rule out side effects (Bower et al., 2014). For instance, the use of MS Contin 120mg BD and morphine (Ordine) elixir 40mg PRN for breakthrough pain It is necessary to well establish the story of the cancer diagnosis of Sophie as a palliative care nurse. The nurse m ust then determine the appropriate manner of diagnosis pertaining to that type of tumor. The nurse must collect data on the extent of the diagnosis process that has been conducted to date. Based on the diagnosis the nurse can make decision on the care plan to be designed. According to Swartz (2014), there is a great impact of the social and the family life on the illness and the coping mechanism of the patent. Therefore, the nurse must ask the patient to retell her story even if it is emotionally difficult. It will give the nurse some perspective on the emotional trauma of cancer diagnosis. It will help obtain information on the family support received by Sophie, level of social inclusion. In case of Sophie, a strong family support was observed. As she was working, she had adequate social connectedness. As the patient retells her story, the patient and family, competence is observed in respect to dealing with the health care system (Pandey Nguyen, 2017). Sophie has strong support of her husband and her two teenage sons. The patients details indicate of high level of resilience in the distress of illness. However, there is a great potential for distress considering her worsening of symptoms. Further, there is a great role of the genetics in the cancer . Family history of cancer is the aggravating factor. Sophie as per the history shows positive coping strategies. She is engaged in meditation and yoga and the same can be used as strength to encourage her during palliative care. In conclusion, collecting the patient history is useful to provide the patient centered care in the palliative care unit. The care plan may involve the use of routine such as playing of music or anything related to Mozart as it is Sophies favourite. During care process, Sophie can be given the peppermint tea to relieve her nausea. Further, the history is useful to design the care plan as per the tastes and preferences of Sophie and her family. Physical examination in assessment The nurse must perform physical examination that is specific for the metastatic breast cancer. The first part of the physical examination would be to look and observe. One need not start with stethoscope to examine the respiratory and cardiovascular system. Valuable information can be obtained by examining the skin, facies, gait, colouration, handshake and personal hygiene. It is possible to detect the endocrine disorders, as they are immediately apparent (Zhang et al., 2015). Even if several physical exams have been completed during the diagnostic process,the nurse must once again perform the head-to-toe exam. As the patient embarks on the cancer therapy it will serve as a baseline physical exam. Further, evaluation for the metastatic disease can be triggered completely changing the staging, subsequent treatment, and prognosis (Pandey Nguyen, 2017). The physical examination of Sophie includes breast examination (for lumps). It may include monitoring the skin tethering, nipple inversion, dilated inversion, ulceration, mammary paget disease, and edema. The nurse must identify the lumps hardness, irregularity, focal modularity, asymmetry with other breast, and assess fixation to muscle by moving the lump in the line of the pectoral muscle fibers. The patient bracing her arms against her hips can do it (Lahart et al., 2015). The physical examination may also include auscultation of heart, and examination of the respiratory system, abdomen, examining lumps, and obtaining of the neurological history. Further, the palliative care nurse must be able to demonstrate her competence at the orthopaedic examination. It may include back examination, hip history, neurological examination of the lower limbs for knee, hip history, shoulder examination, and assessment of the ankle injuries. Other physical examination may include monitoring of Sophie for swollen joints. Further examination may include Sophies peripheral pulses, ENT examination, and mental state examination (Lahart et al., 2015). Once the examination is over the nurse must collate the history and the physical examination informationand present it as oral and written presentations. Management plan Patient and the family education on the care is essential to avoid aggravation of the illness. The management plan for the Sophie in the palliative care unit includes psychosocial and spiritual domains. The nurse must consider the patients and the family members preferences and value them (Wiener et al., 2015). Establishing therapeutic relationship with Sophie will help her gain positive experiences and make differences to the life of the patient. Demonstrating empathy and sensitivity is necessary as the suffering of the patients can be lessened. It will help relieve the pain, respond to treatment, lessen anxiety, and developing hope. The nurse must manage the patients to prevent stigmatisation. The nurse will encourage Sophie to communicate with the patient (Zimmermann et al., 2014). The nurse will demonstrate the exercises to increase the patients mobility and physical injury. Further, the nurse must enhance the self-care, and self-efficacy behaviour to increase coping with illness (Zhang et al., 2015). Conclusion Any kind of cancer is the debilitating symptom. It is multifactorial in nature including cognitive, emotional and physical aspects. Therefore, there is a need of Palliative management of fatigue. References Bower, J. E., Bak, K., Berger, A., Breitbart, W., Escalante, C. P., Ganz, P. A., ... Ogaily, M. S. (2014). Screening, assessment, and management of fatigue in adult survivors of cancer: an American Society of Clinical oncology clinical practice guideline adaptation.Journal of clinical oncology,32(17), 1840-1850. Lahart, I. M., Metsios, G. S., Nevill, A. M., Carmichael, A. R. (2015). Physical activity, risk of death and recurrence in breast cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies.Acta Oncologica,54(5), 635-654. Pandey, P., Nguyen, V. (2017). Achieving the Triple Aim Through Doctor of Nursing Practice?Directed Breast Cancer Survivorship Care.The Journal for Nurse Practitioners,13(4), 277-283. Schacht, D. V., Yamaguchi, K., Lai, J., Kulkarni, K., Sennett, C. A., Abe, H. (2014). Importance of a personal history of breast cancer as a risk factor for the development of subsequent breast cancer: results from screening breast MRI.American Journal of Roentgenology,202(2), 289-292. Swartz, M. H. (2014).Textbook of Physical Diagnosis E-Book: History and Examination. Elsevier Health Sciences. Wiener, L., Weaver, M. S., Bell, C. J., Sansom-Daly, U. M. (2015). Threading the cloak: palliative care education for care providers of adolescents and young adults with cancer.Clinical oncology in adolescents and young adults,5, 1. Zhang, Y., Kwekkeboom, K., Petrini, M. (2015). Uncertainty, self-efficacy, and self-care behavior in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy in China.Cancer nursing,38(3), E19-E26. Zimmermann, C., Swami, N., Krzyzanowska, M., Hannon, B., Leighl, N., Oza, A., ... Donner, A. (2014). Early palliative care for patients with advanced cancer: a cluster-randomised controlled trial.The Lancet,383(9930), 1721-1730.
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